Bonjour @Sylviel et @ampholyte : :happy3:
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Voiçi le texte que j'ai besoin de comprendre, accompagné de

diagrammes à corriger :
[ Voici la preuve du théorème de dualité de Poincaré ( Le "Poincaré pairing" est non dégénéré ), que je ne comprends pas bien : ( rédigé en anglais )
The proof is by induction on the number

of elements in a good cover of

.
If

, then

is diffeomorphic to

, and hence, the assrtion follows from exemple

( Cet exemple se trouve dans les premiers pages de mon bouquin ).
Now, let

, suppose that

is a good cover, and suppos that Poincaré duality holds for every oriented

- manifold with a good cover by at most

open sets.
Denote by

the open sets :

and

.
Then, the induction hypothesis asserts that Poincaré duality holds for the manifolds

and

.
We shall prove that

satisfies Poincaré duality by considering simultaneously the Mayer - Vietoris sequences for

and

associated to the cover

.
Thus we have commuting diagrams :
 \ar[r]^-{i^{*}} & H^k (U) \oplus H^k (V) \ar[r]^-{j^{*}} & H^k (U \bigcap V ) \\<br />\times & \times & \times \\<br />H_{c}^{m-k} ( M ) & \ar[l]^-{i_{*}} H_{c}^{m-k} (U) \oplus H_{c}^{m-k} (V) & \ar[l]^-{j_{*}} H_{c}^{m-k} (U \bigcap V ) \\<br />\ar[d] & \ar[d] & \ar[d] & \\<br />\mathbb{R} & \mathbb{R} & \mathbb{R}} \ \ \ ( 8.23 ) $$)
and
 \ar[r]^-{d^{*}} & H^{k+1} (M) \\<br />\times & \times \\<br />H_{c}^{m-k} ( U \bigcap V ) & \ar[l]^-{ \pm d_{*}} H_{c}^{m-k-1} ( M ) \\<br />\ar[d] & \ar[d] & \\<br />\mathbb{R} & \mathbb{R}}<br />}<br />\ \ \ ( 8.24 )<br />$$)
Commutativity of the first square ( 8.23 ) asserts that, for all closed forms
 $)
and
 ,<br />\tau_V \in \Omega_{c}^{m-k} ( V ) $)
, we have :
 = \int_U \omega_{|U} \wedge \tau_U + \int_V \omega_{|V} \wedge \tau_V $)
This follows from the définition of
 \oplus \Omega_{c}^{m-k} ( V ) \to \Omega_{c}^{m-k} ( M ) $)
. ( See (8.16) ).
Commutativity of the second square ( 8.23 ) asserts that, for all closed forms
 $)
,
 $)
,
and
 $)
we have :
 + \int_V \omega_{V} \wedge \tau = \int_{U \bigcap V} j^* ( \omega_{U} , \omega_{V} ) \wedge \tau $)
This follows from the definition of
 \oplus \Omega^k ( V ) \to \Omega^{k} ( U \bigcap V ) $)
. ( See ( 8.6 )
Commutativity of the diagram ( 8.24 ) asserts that, for all closed forms
 $)
and
 $)
, we have :

.
To see this, we recall that :
 $)
, and
 $)
Here

is extended to all of

by setting it equal to zero on
 $)
, and

is restricted to

where it still has compact support.
Since

, we obtain :
^k \int_{U \bigcap V} \omega \wedge d \rho_V \wedge \tau =<br />(-1)^{k+1} \int_{U \bigcap V} \omega \wedge d \rho_U \wedge \tau = (-1)^{k+1} \int_{U \bigcap V} \omega \wedge d_* \tau $)
as claimed.
With the commutativity of (8.23) and (8.24) established, we obtain a commuting diagram :
 \ar[d]^{PD} \ar[r] & H^k (U) \oplus H^k (V) \ar[d]^{PD}_{\simeq} \ar[r] & H^k (U \bigcap V )^* \ar[d]^{PD}_{\simeq} \ar[r] & H^{k+1} (M) \ar[d]^{PD} \\<br />H_{c}^{m-k} ( M )^* \ar[r] & H_{c}^{m-k} (U)^* \oplus H_{c}^{m-k} (V)^* \ar[r] & H_{c}^{m-k} (U \bigcap V )^* \ar[r] & H_{c}^{m-k-1} (M) \\<br />}<br />$$)
Since the horizontal sequences are exact and the Poincaré duality homomorphisms

are isomrphisms for

,

and

, it follows by Five Lemma that
 \to H_{c}^{m-*} (M) $)
is an isomorphism as well.
This proves the theorem.
{ \bf Questions } :
Pourriez vous m'expliquer les passages suivants :
- for all closed forms
 $)
and
 ,<br />\tau_V \in \Omega_{c}^{m-k} ( V ) $)
, we have :
 = \int_U \omega_{|U} \wedge \tau_U + \int_V \omega_{|V} \wedge \tau_V $)
- for all closed forms
 $)
,
 $)
,
and
 $)
we have :
 + \int_V \omega_{V} \wedge \tau = \int_{U \bigcap V} j^* ( \omega_{U} , \omega_{V} ) \wedge \tau $)
Le reste, je l'ai compris.
Merci d'avance ]
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